بررسی توسعه کارست های کنگلومرایی بر اساس مطالعات صحرایی و آزمایشگاهی (مطالعه موردی: منطقه تنگه شبیخون، شهرستان خرم آباد)

جمشیدی, امین; صداقت نیا, مصطفی

doi:10.22084/nfag.2023.28023.1567

بررسی توسعه کارست های کنگلومرایی بر اساس مطالعات صحرایی و آزمایشگاهی (مطالعه موردی: منطقه تنگه شبیخون، شهرستان خرم آباد)

نویسندگان

¹ دانشیار گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

² دانشجوی دکترا رسوب‌شناسی و سنگ‌شناسی رسوبی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران. کارشناس آزمایشگاه مرکزی دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

10.22084/nfag.2023.28023.1567

چکیده

یکی از پدیدههای قابلتوجه زمینشناسی در کنگلومرای سازند امیران در منطقه شبیخون شهرستان خرمآباد، توسعه کارست با توزیع، اشکال و اندازههای مختلف است که باعث ایجاد جاذبه ژئوتوریسمی منحصر به فردی در این منطقه شده است. تاکنون پژوهشی در زمینه توسعه و تشکیل کارست در رخسارههای کنگلومرایی در ایران انجام نشده است. از آنجایی که توسعه کارست در رخسارههای تخریبی درشت دانه نظیر کنگلومراها به ندرت اتفاق میافتد، لذا در پژوهش حاضر کارستهای توسعه یافته در کنگلومراهای سازند امیران در منطقه مذکور با استفاده از مطالعات صحرایی و آزمایشگاهی بررسی شدهاند. بر اساس مطالعات صحرایی، ویژگیهای سنگشناسی، نشت آب در امتداد شکستگی و سطوح لایهبندی، پوشش خزه، جهت شیب دامنه و قلیایی بودن آب از عوامل اصلی توسعه کارست در منطقه تشخیص داده شدند. برای مطالعات آزمایشگاهی، از آزمایش دوام وارفتگی و ویژگیهای سنگشناسی استفاده شد. نتایج آزمایش دوام وارفتگی (تا 15 چرخه) روی چهار نمونه مختلف کنگلومرا نشان داد که نمونه با سیمان کلسیتی (Id₁₅ = 97.56%)میزان فرسایش و تخریب کمتری نسبت به سایر نمونههای فاقد سیمان کلسیتی (Id₁₅ = 86.16–93.98%) داشته است. علاوه بر تأثیر نوع سیمان و خمیره رسی در فرسایش و تخریب کنگلومراها و در نتیجه توسعه کارست، قلیایی بودن آب منطقه نیز نقش بسزایی در فرسایش و تخریب کنگلومراهای بدون سیمان کلسیتی و در نتیجه توسعه شدیدتر کارست در آنها در مقایسه با کنگلومرای با سیمان کلسیتی داشته است. به هر حال، برخی از کارستها به دلیل انحلال سیمان کلسیتی شکل گرفتهاند که فراوانی کمتری نسبت به کارستهایی که در سایر کنگلومراهای فاقد سیمان کلسیتی تشکیل شدهاند، دارند. در واقع بررسیها نشاندهنده این است که کارستهای کنگلومرایی غالباً از نوع فرسایشی هستند. به طور کلی، نتایج مطالعات سنگشناسی و آزمایشگاهی در تطبیق خوبی با شواهد صحرایی در ارتباط با چگونگی و شدت کارستزایی منطقه مورد مطالعه هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the development of conglomeratic karsts based on field and laboratory studies (Case study: Tange Shabikhun region, Khoramabad city)

نویسندگان [English]

A. Jamshidi ¹
M. Sedaghatnia ²

¹ Assoc. Prof., Dept., of Geology, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

² Ph. D., student sedimentology and sedimentary rocks, Faculty of Science, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Expert of the Central Laboratory of Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

چکیده [English]

One of the significant geological phenomena in the conglomerate of the Amiran Formation in Shabikhun region of Khorramabad city is the karsts development with different distribution, shapes and sizes, which has created a unique geotourism attraction in this region. Since the development of karst rarely occurred in the coarse-grained detrital facies such as conglomerates, therefore, in the present study, the karsts developed in the conglomerate of Amiran Formation in the mentioned region have been investigated using field and laboratory studies. Based on field studies, petrographic characteristics, water seepage along fractures and bedding surfaces, algal cover, dip direction of slope and alkalinity of water were identified as the main agents of karst development. For laboratory studies, the slake durability test and petrographic characteristics were used. The results of the slake durability test (up to 15 cycles) on four various samples of the conglomerate showed that sample with calcite cement (Id₁₅ = 97.56%) had less erosion and decay than other samples without calcite cement (Id₁₅ = 86.16–93.98%). In addition to effect of the cement type and clay matrix in the erosion and decay of the conglomerates and as a result the karst development, the alkalinity of region water also plays a significant role in the erosion and decay of the conglomerates without calcite cement, and thus more severe development of karst in them compared to conglomerates with calcite cement. However, some karsts are formed due to dissolution of calcite cement, which have been less abundant than those formed in other conglomerates without calcite cement. In fact, investigations indicated that conglomeratic karsts are mostly erosional type. Generally, studies result of petrographic and laboratory are in good agreement with field evidences in relation to the way and intensity of the karstification in the study region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Karst
Conglomerate
Alkaline water
Wetting and drying
Khorramabad

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