بررسی کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی در دشت فریمان-تربت‌جام

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، دانشکده علوم‌زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

2 استادیار گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم‌زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

3 کارشناس‌ارشد هیدروژئولوژی، آب منطقه‌ای شهرستان تربت‌‌جام، تربت‌جام، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم‌زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت فریمان-تربت‌جام و بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر آن، 26 نمونه آب از چاه‌های منطقه (عمق 70 تا 260 متر) برداشته شد. پارامترهای pHو ECدر صحرا، غلظت یون‌های کلسیم، منیزیم، کلر و بیکربنات با استفاده از تیتراسیون، غلظت سدیم و پتاسیم با استفاده از نورسنج شعله‌ای، غلظت نیترات و سولفات با استفاده از اسپکتروفتومتری، و غلظت عناصر بالقوّه سمی آرسنیک، سرب و کادمیم توسط دستگاه ICP اندازه‌گیری شد. تیپ و رخساره نمونه‌های آب دشت فریمان-تربت جام در طی مسیر جریان، و تحت تأثیر عوامل طبیعی و انسانزاد، از بیکربناته سدیک در منطقه تغذیه، به کلروره سدیک در میانه دشت، و سولفاته سدیک در منطقه تخلیه تغییر می‌کند. نتایج به دست آمده نشان می‌دهد که آب زیرزمینی در تعادل با کانی‌های کربناته (کلسیت، دولومیت و آراگونیت) بوده، و فرآیندهای تبخیر، انحلال، و تبادل یونی معکوس از عوامل طبیعی مؤثر در ترکیب شیمیایی نمونه‌های آب است. نمونه‌های مورد مطالعه عمدتاً در رده‌ی شوری متوسط تا بالا (رده III، هدایت الکتریکی بین 1300 تا 3000 میکروزیمنس بر سانتی‌متر) قرار می‌گیرند و برای آبیاری محصولات با تحمل شوری بالا مناسب هستند. محاسبه‌ی شاخص کیفیت آب نشان می‌دهد که آب‌های زیرزمینی مورد مطالعه از نظر مصارف شرب در رده‌ی خوب (منطقه تغذیه، و در تماس با سازندهای آهکی) تا بسیار ضعیف (منطقه تخلیه، و در تماس با سازندهای شیلی و تبخیری) قرار می‌گیرند. محاسبه‌ی ضریب لانژلیه نشان دهنده‌ی کیفیت نامناسب آب زیرزمینی منطقه برای مصارف صنعتی است. آبخوان فریمان-تربت جام در مناطق متأثر از سازندهای شیلی و آتشفشانی، و همچنین در اثر فعالیت‌های کشاورزی و تخلیه فاضلاب مناطق مسکونی، به فلزات آرسنیک، سرب (بیشتر از 10 میکروگرم بر لیتر) و کادمیم (بیشتر از 3 میکروگرم بر لیتر) آلوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Quality of groundwater resources in Fariman- Torbat-e-Jam plain

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Azimian 1
  • G. Forghani Tehrani 2
  • Y. Akhtari 3
  • R. Bagheri 4
1 M. Sc. (graduated), Earth Sciences Faculty, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
2 Assist. Prof., Dept., of Geology, Earth Sciences Faculty, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
3 M. Sc. in Hydrogeology, Regional Water Company of Torbat Jam, Torbat Jam, Iran
4 Assoc. Prof., Dept., of Geology, Earth Sciences Faculty, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to assess the quality of Fariman-Torbat-e-Jam groundwater resources and investigate the factors affecting the quality of groundwater, 26 groundwater samples (depth of tube wells between 70 and 260 m) were collected and analyzed for major ios, nitrate, and potentially toxic elements. pH and electrical conductivity were measured at the field. The type and facies of the samples changed from Na-HCO3 in the recharge zone to Na-Cl in the middle of the plain, and finally to Na-SO4 in the discharge zone. The results indicated the water equilibrium with carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite, and aragonite); evaporation, dissolution and reverse ion exchange are the natural factors affecting the chemical composition of the samples. The study samples are classified as intermediate to high saline waters (class III, EC between 1300-3000 µs/cm) and are suitable for irrigation crops which can tolerate saline waters. The calculation of water quality index (WQI) revealed that the groundwater of the recharge zone (exposure of limestone rock units) is suitable for drinking usage, whereas the quality samples collected from the discharge zone (exposure of shale and evaporate rock units) is too weak. Calculation of Langelier Index indicated that the samples are not suitable for industrial applications. The Torbat-e-Jam aquifer is polluted with As, Pb (>10 µg/l), and Cd (>3 µs/cm) mainly because of natural (exposure of shales and volcanic rocks) and anthropogenic factors (agricultural practices and discharge of residential wastewaters.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Groundwater
  • Fariman-Torbat Jam plain
  • Haydrogeochemistry
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