بررسی زمین‌شیمی زیست‌محیطی اثرات آبیاری پساب بر خاک‌های کشاورزی و سطحی جنوب شهر تربت حیدریه، استان خراسان رضوی، شمال‌شرق ایران

نویسندگان

گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، صندوق پستی 4697-19395، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمین­های کشاورزی جنوب شهر تربت حیدریه به مدت بیش از 30 سال با پساب شهری آبیاری شده­اند. در این پژوهش ترکیب شیمیایی و خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک­های آلوده آبیاری شده با پساب و میزان فلزات سنگین سبزیجات کشت شده بر روی این خاک­ها تعیین شده و با نمونه­های غیرآلوده مقایسه شده است. در خاک­های آلوده میزان pH (8/7- 5/7) کمتر و درصد ماده آلی (بیش از 3/2) بیش­تر از سایر خاک­ها (با pH بالای 8 و درصد ماده آلی کمتر از یک) می­باشد. مقادیر یکسان اکسیدهای اصلی و روند مشابه الگوهای عناصر نادر خاکی (REE) در تمام نمونه­های خاکی، مواد مادر مشابه در تشکیل آن­ها را پیشنهاد می­دهد. با این­حال میزان عناصر کمیاب در خاک­های آلوده و سایر نمونه­ها بسیار متفاوت است. خاک­های آلوده شده با پساب غنی­شدگی قابل­ملاحظه در بسیاری از عناصر بالاخص فلزات سنگین نشان می­دهند. خاک­های آلوده در مقایسه با سایر نمونه­ها نسبت­های 206Pb/204Pb، 207Pb/204Pb، 208Pb/204Pb و 206Pb/207Pb پایین­تر و 208Pb/206Pb بالاتری دارند که نشان از تأثیر منابع بشر­زاد بر ترکیب این خاک­ها دارد. زیست­دسترس­پذیری فلزات سنگین در خاک­های آلوده به نسبت سایر خاک­ها بسیار افزایش یافته و موجب بالا رفتن ضریب انتقال به گیاه و تمرکز بالای فلزات سنگین در سبزیجات کشت شده بر روی این خاک­ها شده است. غلظت فلزات سنگین Cd، Cr و Pb در سبزیجات آلوده به بالاتر از حداکثر غلظت مجاز می­رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Environmental geochemistry of agricultural soils and topsoils irrigated by sewage in the south of Torbate Heydarieh city, Khorasan-e-Razavi province, Northeast of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Ali Mazhari
  • Fahimeh Sheibani
  • Ali Reza Mazloumi Bajestani
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University
چکیده [English]

The farmlands area in the south of Torbate Heydariyeh city has been irrigated by sewage for over 30 years. In this study, the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of soils irrigated by sewage and heavy metal concentration of vegetables cultivated in these soils are determined and compared with unpolluted samples. The polluted soils have a lower pH (7.5- 7.8) and higher organic content (more than 2.3%) than other soils (with pH>8 and organic component < 1%). All soil samples show similar major oxide composition and the same rare earth element (REE) patterns indicative similar parental materials. However, the trace elements composition is completely different between polluted and unpolluted soils. The soils irrigated by sewage show intense enrichment of many elements, especially heavy metals. These soils have lower 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb, 206Pb/207Pb and higher 208Pb/206Pb ratios than other soils which indicate the role of anthropogenic sources in their genesis. The bioavailability values in the polluted soils are very higher than unpolluted samples which led to increasing of transfer factor and heavy metal concentration in the vegetables. The concentration of Cd, Cr, and Pb in the polluted vegetables is more than the maximum permitted concentration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Geochemistry
  • Sewage
  • Soil pollution
  • Heavy metals
  • Torbate Heydarieh
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