بررسی زمین‌شیمی فلزات سنگین و هیدروکربن‌های نفتی کل (TPH) در ذرات گرد و غبار شهر آبادان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشکده علوم‌زمین، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز

چکیده

هدف از این مطالعه بررسی آلودگی فلزات سنگین و هیدروکربن­های نفتی کل غبار خیابان، شهرستان آبادان در استان خوزستان است. برای تحقق این هـدف، ضـریب غـنی­شدگی، شاخص زمـین­انباشت و شاخـص خـطر بالقوه بوم­‌شناختی فلزات محاسبه شده است. از روش­های آماری چند متغیره، ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن و تحلیل مولفه اصلیPrincipal) Component Analysis) نیز برای تعیین همبستگی و منشاء فلزات استفاده شده است. تعداد 20 نمونه غبار از سطح خیابان­های شهر آبادان به صورت سیستماتیک برداشته شد و غلظت فلزات سنگین و هیدروکربن­های نفتی کل به ترتیب با استفاده از روش تجزیه­ای طیف­سنجی نشرنوری پلاسمای جفت شده­ القایی (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) و کروماتوگرافی گازی مجهز به آشکارساز یونیزاسیون شعله­ای (Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection) اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت عناصر از روند زیر تبعیت می­کند: Fe> Mn> Zn> Cr> Cu> Pb> Ni> V> Co> As> Mo> Ag> Cd. نتایج حاصل از محاسبه ضریب غنی­شدگی نشان می­دهد که بیش­تر عـناصر در بسـیاری از ایستگاه­های نمونه­برداری غنی­شدگی قابل­ملاحظه دارند. شاخص زمین­انباشت بیش­تر عناصر در ایستگاه "گیت 13" بالاتر است و نشانگر آلودگی بالای این ایستگاه است. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از تحلیل مولفه اصلی، منشاء عناصر نیکل، کبالت و کروم بیش­تر زمین­زاد و در ارتباط با ترکیب زمین­شیمیایی محیط طبیعی است در حالی که سایر عناصر دارای منشا انسانی هستند. نتایج به دست آمده از محاسبه ضریب غنی­شدگی و ضریب زمین­انباشت این نتایج را تائید می­کند. بیشینه غلظت هیدروکربن­های نفتی کل در ایستگاه "چهارراه لین یک" مشاهده شد. منشأ اصلی هیدروکربن­های نفتی کل ­در این منطقه می­تواند ناشی از وسایل نقلیه و فعالیت پالایشگاه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Environmental geochemistry of heavy metals and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) compounds in street dust of Abadan

نویسنده [English]

  • azadeh ghasemi
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to assess heavy metals pollution and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in street dust of Abadan city in Khuzestan province. For this purpose, Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and Potential ecological risk index was calculated. twenty street dust samples were collected and concentrations of heavy metals and some (TPH) were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and gas chromatography flame ionization, respectively. The results based on the mean concentration of metals show adecreasing trend: as Fe>Mn> Zn> Cr> Cu>Pb> Ni> V> Co> As> Mo> Ag> Cd. Judging from calculated Enrichment Factors (EF), most elements display significant pollution in most stations. Station 12 indicated higher contamination compared with other stations according to Igeo. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that Ni, Co and Cr mainly orginate from natural source, while other elements come from antropogenic sources. These results are confirmed by those obtained from calculating EF and Igeo. The maximum content of TPH occurs at Lane-yek cross. The major sources of TPH are probably vehicles and Abadan refinery.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metals
  • Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
  • Enrichment Factor
  • Geoaccumulation index
  • Potential ecological risk index
  • Statistical methods
  • Abadan
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