Groundwater aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran are undergone over-extraction, declining water quality, and the impacts of climate change. The Arak Plain in central Iran, as the fourth industrial hub of the country with a population exceeding 599,000, represents a prominent example of these challenges. In this study, for the first time, integrated one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) inversion of data obtained from 156 Schlumberger vertical electrical soundings (VES) in the southern Arak Plain (Amanabad sub-basin) has been conducted with the aim of detailed aquifer characterization and quantitative estimation of groundwater resources. 1D modeling was performed using IX1D software, and 2D modeling was conducted using RES2DINV software, with the results validated against exploration well data (including the Rudbaran, Motabad, Amanabad, and Shahsavaran wells) and regional geological information. Based on the resulting models, a bedrock topography map was generated, revealing a south-to-north slope indicating increasing alluvial thickness toward the north (Mighan Playa). Furthermore, the groundwater level contour map indicated a general flow direction from south to northwest, with a closed depression in the equipotential lines suggesting over-extraction in the central part of the region. Using Archie's Law and the Chaine equation, hydrodynamic parameters including porosity (mean 36%, range 14–51%) and specific yield (mean 7.36%, range 0.3–32%) were calculated for the saturated layer. The total saturated volume was estimated at 3.15 billion cubic meters through integration between the bedrock and groundwater level surfaces in SURFER software, from which the extractable groundwater volume, applying the specific yield coefficient, was calculated to be approximately 1.01 billion cubic meters. The integrated approach presented in this study, by bridging the gap between purely geophysical interpretation and practical water management applications, provides a scientific framework for estimating sustainable abstraction and protecting groundwater resources in similar arid and semi-arid basins.