The Gol-e-Gohar metamorphic complex is located 55 km southwest of Sirjan, in the Sanandaj–Sirjan structural zone. The rocks constituting this complex include metamorphic and igneous rocks, such as various types of schist, amphibolite, marble, gneiss, and granite, which have been metamorphosed to the greenschist-amphibolite facies. Field observations, petrographic and geochemical studies of the amphibolites indicate that these units have two different origins. One group is of igneous origin, and their geochemical characteristics are consistent with active continental margin tectonic settings. The normalized patterns of rare earth elements in these amphibolites show enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and depletion in high-field-strength elements (HFSE), indicating the influence of subduction-related processes and crustal contamination. Another group of amphibolites has a sedimentary origin and likely formed from calcareous shales and marls rich in Fe and Mg that have been metamorphosed at the greenschist to amphibolite facies boundary. These amphibolites occur as layered units within the study area. Furthermore, geochemical examination of the metapelites, as another metamorphic unit in the area, indicates that their protoliths had a composition between shale and ferruginous shale. In tectonic diagrams, these rocks are primarily located within the active continental margin range. Trace-element normalization to the upper continental crust (UCC) indicates the absence of a significant magmatic contribution and supports a sedimentary origin for these samples.