یافته‌های نوین زمین‌شناسی کاربردی

یافته‌های نوین زمین‌شناسی کاربردی

ارزیابی زیست­ محیطی تأثیر فعالیت ­های کشاورزی بر غلظت عناصر بالقوه سمی خاک­ های سطحی گلخانه ­های اشکذر یزد

نویسنده
استادیار گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران
چکیده
اندازه قطر ذرات در خاک­های مورد مطالعه %28-12 ماسه، %40-31 سیلت و % 48-32 رس می­باشد و تفاوت قابل­توجهی در ترکیب دانه­بندی خاک­های کشاورزی و غیرکشاورزی وجود ندارد. بررسی غلظت عناصر بالقوه سمی (Cd، Co، Cr، Cu، Ni، Pb و Zn) در خاک­های آلوده و غیرآلوده به کودهای کشاورزی گلخانه­های شهرستان اشکذر نشان می­دهد که فعالیت­های کشاورزی موجب افزایش تمرکز این عناصر در خاک­ها شده است؛ به طوری‌که سطح مجاز اکثر عناصر بیش از سطح بهینه و سازمان محیط زیست کشور می­باشد و افزایش آن در خاک­های آلوده موجب افزایش معیارهای سنجش آلودگی همچون شاخص زمین­انباشت، شده ­است. میزان دسترس­پذیری زیستی عناصر بالقوه سمی از روش DTPA برای همه عناصر در خاک­های آلوده، به طور مشخص بالاتر از خاک­های غیرآلوده (نمونه­های ASH-2 و ASH-10) می­باشد. تغییرات افزایش دسترس­پذیری زیستی این عناصر در نمونه­های مختلف نیز متفاوت است. بالاترین میزان دسترس­پذیری زیسـتی عناصر Cd، Co و Zn در نمونه ASH-1 مشاهده می­شود، درحالی­که نمونه ASH-8 بیشترین مقادیر دسترس­پذیری­زیستی فلزات سنگین Cr، Cu، Ni و Pb را دارا می­باشد.TOC و pH محیط یکی از جمله عوامل اساسی در گونه­زایی، تحرک، واکنش و دسترس­پذیری زیستی فلزات سنگین محسوب می­گردد. تمام خاک­های منطقه دارای pH بالای هفت (15/7 تا 74/ 8 تا حدودی قلیایی) بوده و میزان pH در خاک­ها آلوده (کشاورزی) به تدریج کاهش می­یابد تا اینکه در نمونه ASH-8 به کمترین مقدار (15/7) می­رسد. دامنه تغییرات TOC محدود می­باشد و روند تغییرات pH و TOC در نمونه­های مورد مطالعه تقریباً عکس یکدیگر بوده، به‌طوری‌که با افزایش TOC، pH به‌طور نسبی کاهش می­یابد؛ و رابطه معنی­داری بین pH و تمرکز فلزات سنگین وجود دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Environmental assessment of the impact of agricultural activities on the concentration of potentially toxic elements in surface soils of Ashkezar greenhouses in Yazd

نویسنده English

Javad Ghanei Ardekani
Assist. Prof., Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The particle diameter in the studied soils is 12-28% sand, 31-40% silt and 32-48% clay and there is no significant difference in the grain size composition of agricultural and non-agricultural soils. The study of the concentration of potentially toxic elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soils contaminated and uncontaminated with agricultural fertilizers in greenhouses in Ashkzar County shows that agricultural activities have increased the concentration of these elements in soils, so that the permissible level of most elements is higher than the optimal level and the country's environmental organization, and its increase in contaminated soils has increased pollution measurement criteria such as the land accumulation index. The bioavailability of potentially toxic elements by the DTPA method for all elements in contaminated soils is significantly higher than in uncontaminated soils (samples ASH-2 and ASH-10). The changes in the increase in the bioavailability of these elements in different samples are also different. The highest bioavailability of Cd, Co and Zn elements is observed in sample ASH-1, while sample ASH-8 has the highest bioavailability of heavy metals Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb. TOC and pH of the environment are considered to be one of the basic factors in speciation, mobility, reactivity and bioavailability of heavy metals. All soils in the region have a pH above seven (7.15 to 8.74, slightly alkaline) and the pH in contaminated (agricultural) soils gradually decreases until it reaches the lowest value (7.15) in sample ASH-8. The range of TOC changes is limited and the trend of pH and TOC changes in the studied samples is almost opposite to each other, so that with increasing TOC, pH decreases relatively; and there is a significant relationship between pH and heavy metal concentration.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Environmental impacts
agricultural activities
potentially toxic elements
greenhouses
Ashkzar city
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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 05 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 30 دی 1404