یافته‌های نوین زمین‌شناسی کاربردی

یافته‌های نوین زمین‌شناسی کاربردی

ارزیابی آلودگی زیست­ محیطی فلزات سنگین در رسوبات رودخانه دز محدوده شهر دزفول

نویسندگان
1 کارشناس‌ارشد زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی، خرمشهر، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی، خرمشهر، ایران
چکیده
این پژوهش در محدوده‌ای از رودخانه دز، واقع در استان خوزستان، بین شهر چم‌گلک تا منطقه زیباشهر دزفول انجام شد. این پژوهش به بررسی آلودگی فلزات سنگین در رسوبات رودخانه دز و تحلیل‌های مربوط به شاخص‌های زیست‌محیطی و پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی پرداخته است. برای این منظور 25 نمونه رسوب از دو طرف رودخانه به‌صورت تصادفی- قضاوتی جمع‌آوری شد. نمونه‌ها پس از خشک‌شدن در دمای محیط و عبور از الک ۲۳۰ مش، برای اندازه‌گیری پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی، و غلظت فلزات سنگین (آرسنیک، بیسموت، کروم، مس، سرب و نیکل) آماده شدند. غلظت فلزات سنگین نیز با استفاده از دستگاه ICP-MS اندازه‌گیری شد. برای ارزیابی آلودگی و منشأ فلزات سنگین، از شاخص‌های زیست‌محیطی شامل ضریب آلودگی (CF)، عامل غنی‌شدگی (EF) و شاخص زمینانباشت (Igeo) استفاده شد. تحلیل‌های آماری با نرم‌افزارهای SPSS و Excel انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که دامنه تغییرات pH رسوبات بین 23/7 و 05/8 بوده و تأثیر چندانی بر غلظت فلزات سنگین نداشته است. همچنین، میزان مواد آلی در رسوبات بین 28/0 تا 54/2 درصد تغییر می‌کند و بالاترین مقادیر در ایستگاه‌های بالادست مشاهده شد که احتمالاً به علت تأثیر فاضلاب‌های شهری، پساب‌های کشاورزی و فعالیت‌های صنعتی است. مقایسه غلظت فلزات سنگین در رسوبات با مقادیر پوسته زمین نشان داد که غلظت آرسنیک (1/1 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم)، بیسموت (65/0 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم) و مس (92/27 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) بالاتر از مقادیر معمول در پوسته زمین بوده، در حالی که کروم و سرب دارای غلظت کمتری نسبت به میانگین جهانی هستند. تجزیه و تحلیل‌های آماری شامل ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که بین فلزات کروم و نیکل همبستگی مثبت و معناداری (786/0) وجود دارد، که نشان‌دهنده منشأ مشترک هیدروکربنی این دو عنصر است. نتایج تحلیل خوشه‌ای نشان داد که ایستگاه‌ها به سه گروه اصلی تقسیم می‌شوند، که بیشترین همبستگی بین ایستگاه‌های ۱۶ و ۲۰ مشاهده شد و کاهش آلودگی در پایین‌دست رودخانه به دلیل احتمالی ویژگی خودپالایی و سرعت بالاتر جریان آب میباشد. در حالی که برخی فلزات مانند مس و ارسنیک به‌طور قابل­توجهی در منطقه افزایش یافته‌اند، دیگر فلزات مانند سرب و کروم غلظت کمتری در مقایسه با میانگین‌های جهانی دارند. این میتواند به‌دلیل احتمالی ترکیب پیچیده منابع آلاینده، شامل فعالیت‌های کشاورزی، صنعتی و شهری باشد. این یافته‌ها حاکی از تأثیر منابع مختلف آلودگی از جمله فعالیت‌های کشاورزی، صنعتی و فاضلاب‌های شهری بر غلظت فلزات سنگین در رسوبات رودخانه دز است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Environmental Assessment of heavy metal in Dez river sediment of Dezful

نویسندگان English

Saeed Varmarzyar 1
Sediqeh Battaleb-Looie 2
Hakimeh Amanipoor 2
1 M.Sc. Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, University of Marine Sciences and Technology, Khoramshahr, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, University of Marine Sciences and Technology, Khoramshahr, Iran
چکیده English

This study investigated heavy metal contamination in the sediments of the Dez River and analyzes related environmental indices and physicochemical parameters. For this purpose, 25 sediment samples were collected from a limited area of the Dez River, spanning from Cham Golak to Ziba Shahr in Dezful, and analyzed. The results indicated that the pH range of the sediments was between 7.23 and 8.05, with little effect on the concentration of heavy metals. Additionally, the organic matter content in the sediments ranged from 0.28% to 2.54%, with the highest values observed at upstream stations, likely due to the influence of urban sewage, agricultural runoff, and industrial activities. A comparison of the heavy metal concentrations in the sediments with the Earth's crust values showed that the concentrations of arsenic (1.1 mg/kg), bismuth (0.65 mg/kg), and copper (27.92 mg/kg) were higher than typical concentrations in the Earth's crust, while chromium and lead had lower concentrations than the global average. Statistical analyses, including Pearson's correlation coefficient, revealed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.786) between chromium and nickel, suggesting a common hydrocarbon-based source for these two elements. Cluster analysis further indicated that stations with lower pollution, located downstream of the river with higher flow rates, were grouped separately. The results of this study highlight the varied impacts of pollutant sources on the concentration of heavy metals in the sediments of the Dez River. While some metals like copper and arsenic have significantly increased in the area, others like lead and chromium have lower concentrations compared to global averages. This could be due to the complex combination of pollutant sources, including agricultural, industrial, and urban activities. These findings suggest the influence of diverse pollution sources, including agricultural, industrial, and urban wastewater, on the heavy metal concentrations in the Dez River sediments.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

enrichment factor
geoaccumulation index
contamination factor
river
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