بررسی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی دشت آبرفتی ارومیه با بکارگیری روش های آماری چندمتغیره و فرآیندهای هیدروژئوشیمیایی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکترا زمین‌شناسی زیست‌محیطی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد زمین‌شناسی اقتصادی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

در دهه­های اخیر، بهره­برداری بیش از حد از منابع آب­زیرزمینی به دلیل افزایش شهرنشینی و فعالیت­های کشاورزی و همچنین تأثیر تغییرات آب و هوایی، منجر به کاهش سطح و تغییرات هیدروشیمیایی آب­های زیرزمینی شده است. این مطالعه بر روی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی و فرآیندهای هیدروژئوشیمیایی (تکامل و منشاء) در دشت آبرفتی ارومیه، واقع در استان آذربایجان غربی، شمال غربی ایران صورت گرفته است. برای این منظور از نتایج 63 حلقه چاه در بهار و تابستان سال 1400 استفاده شد. از نرم­افزارهای SPSS و GIS جهت تحلیل داده­ها استفاده گردید. براساس نمودار پایپر دو تیپ برای آب­های زیرزمینی شناسایی شد که بر این اساس تیپ و رخساره­ی 67 درصد نمونه­ها بی­کربناته کلسیک و 17 درصد نمونه­ها بی­کربناته منیزیک می­باشد. همبستگی بی­کربنات با پارامتر کل جامدات محلول (858/0=R)، کلر (86/0=R)، سولفات (885/0=R)، منیزیم (922/0=R)، کلسیم (819/0=R)، پتاسیم (532/0=R) و سدیم (756/0=R) می­باشد. بررسی همبستگی­ها بین عناصر و پارامتر کل جامدات محلول (5/0<R) نشانگر برهمکنش­های ژئوشیمیایی مانند فرآیندهای اکسیداسیون-کاهش و تبادل یونی در نمونه­های آب زیرزمینی می­باشد. روش‌های تجزیه و تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی و تحلیل خوشه‌ای سلسله مراتبی به منظور تعریف عوامل کنترل اصلی مؤثر بر هیدروشیمی دشت آبرفتی ارومیه نشان داد که نمونه­های آب دارای تکامل­های متفاوت از هم می­باشند. سه خوشه در تحلیل خوشه­ای، خوشه اول 7/17 درصد نمونه­ها با میانگین کل جامدات محلول 2/1214 میلی­گرم بر لیتر، خوشه دوم 6/31 درصد نمونه­ها با میانگین کل جامدات محلول 9/697 میلی­گرم بر لیتر (بیشترین کانی­سازی) و خوشه سوم 6/51 درصد نمونه­ها با میانگین کل جامدات محلول 6/431 میلی­گرم بر لیتر (کمترین کانی­سازی) به دست آمد. دو مؤلفه­ی اصلی توسط روش آنالیز تحلیل عاملی استخراج شد که 6/75 درصد از کل واریانس را نشان می­دهند. وجود کانی­های تبخیری بخصوص ژیپس و هالیت، نفوذ آب شور دریاچه­ی ارومیه، تبادل یونی و هوازدگی کانی­های کلسیت و دولومیت منشأ عناصر در دشت آبرفتی ارومیه می­باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the quality of underground water in the alluvial plain of Urmia by using multivariate statistical methods and hydrogeochemical processes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Sheikhi Alman Abad 1
  • H. Pirkharrati 2
  • H. Rahmanpour 3
1 Ph. D. (graduated), in environmental geology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept., of Geology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 M. Sc. (graduated), in Economic Geology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, excessive exploitation of underground water resources due to increasing urbanization and agricultural activities, as well as the effect of climate change, has led to a decrease in the level and hydrochemical changes of underground water. This study was conducted on the quality of underground water and hydrogeochemical processes (evolution and origin) in the alluvial plain of Urmia, located in West Azarbaijan province, northwestern Iran. For this purpose, the results of 63 wells in the spring and summer of 1400 were used. SPSS and GIS software were used for data analysis. Based on the Piper diagram, two types of groundwater were identified, according to which the type and facies of 67% of the samples are calcic bicarbonate and 17% of the samples are magnesic bicarbonate. The correlation of bicarbonate with total dissolved solids parameter is (R=0.858), chlorine (R=0.86), sulfate (R=0.885), magnesium (R=0.922), calcium (R=0.819), potassium (R=0.532) and sodium (R=0.756). Examining the correlations between elements and total dissolved solids parameter (R<0.5) indicates geochemical interactions such as oxidation-reduction and ion exchange processes in groundwater samples. The methods of principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis in order to define the main control factors affecting the hydrochemistry of Urmia alluvial plain showed that the water samples have different evolutions. Three clusters were found in the cluster analysis, the first cluster was 17.7% of the samples with an average total dissolved solids of 1214.2 mg/liter, the second cluster was 31.6% of the samples with an average total dissolved solids of 697.9 mg/liter (the most mineralization), and the third cluster was 51.6% of the samples with an average total Dissolved solid of 431.6 mg/liter (the least mineralization). Two main components were extracted by the method of Principal Component analysis, which represent 75.6% of the total variance. The presence of evaporite minerals, especially gypsum and halite, infiltration of salt water from Urmia Lake, ion exchange and weathering of calcite and dolomite minerals are the sources of elements in the alluvial plain of Urmia.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urmia
  • Underground water
  • Principal Component Analysis

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 مرداد 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 08 مرداد 1402

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