ارزیابی آلودگی خاک‌های کشاورزی حومه شهرستان گرگان به فلزات سنگین و ذرات میکروپلاستیک

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم‌زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

2 استادیار گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم‌زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

چکیده

هدف اصلی این پژوهش ارزیابی غلظت، شدت آلودگی، منشاء و خطر سلامتی فلزات سنگین و ذرات میکروپلاستیک در خاک‌های کشاورزی حومه شهرستان گرگان می‌باشد. به این منظور، 21 نمونه خاک سطحی کشاورزی (‌عمق 30-0 سانتی‌متر) برداشت شد. ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی نمونه‌های خاک، غلظت فلزات سنگین، مقدار و خصوصیات ذرات میکروپلاستیک با استفاده از روش­های استاندارد بررسی شد. نتایج به دست آمده نشان می­دهد که بافت نمونه‌های خاک مورد مطالعه غالباً لوم رسی- شنی و لوم شنی، pH نمونه‌ها کمی قلیایی تا متوسط قلیایی، میانگین درصد کربنات و ماده آلی نمونه‌ها به ترتیب 8/19 و 2/1، و میانگین ظرفیـت تبادل کاتـیونی نـمونه‌ها 7/18 میلی‌اکی­والان بر 100 گرم می­باشد. میانگین غلظت عناصر مس، روی، کروم، منگنز، کبالت، آهن، نیکل و آنتیموان در نمونه‌های خاک، از میانگین خاک‌های جهانی بیشتر است، و میانگین غلظت عناصر آرسنیک، سرب و کادمیم کمتر از این استاندارد می­باشد. خطر سلامتی غیرسرطانزایی کروم از سه راه مواجهه بلع، استنشاق و تماس پوستی نسبت به دیگر عناصر مورد مطالعه بیشتر، و خطر غیرسرطانزایی همه عناصر در رده سنی کودکان بیشتر از بزرگسالان است. همچنین فلز کروم ‌در کودکان و بزرگسالان دارای بیشترین ریسک سرطانزایی است. ذرات میکروپلاستیک در نمونه‌های خاک به شکل­های رشته‌ای، قرصی، صفحه‌ای و کروی حضور دارند و ذرات با اندازه بزرگ­تر از 1000 میکرومتر بیش­ترین فراوانی را دارا می‌باشند. بر اساس نتیجه FT-IR، ذرات میکروپلاستیک عمدتاً از پلیمر پلی‌اتیلن که مرتبط با فعالیت‌های کشاورزی است تشکیل شده­اند. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش، فعالیت‌ کشاورزی مهم‌ترین منبع آلودگی خاک حومه شهرستان گرگان می‌باشد و می­تواند به بروز خطرات سلامتی در ساکنان منطقه منجر شود.                                                                                      

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of soils pollution in suburb of Gorgan city to heavy metals and microplastics

نویسندگان [English]

  • R. Mohammadi Rad 1
  • G. Forghani Tehrani 2
1 M. Sc. student of Geology, Earth Sciences Faculty, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
2 Assist. Prof., Dept., of Geology, Earth Sciences Faculty, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
چکیده [English]

The present study aims to evaluate the concentration, level of pollution, source, and health risk induced by heavy metals and microplastic particles in the agricultural soils of the Gorgan city suburb. For this purpose, 21 topsoil samples (0-30 cm) were collected. Soil’s physicochemical parameters, concentration of heavy metals, and the quantity and general characteristic of microplastic particles (were investigated using standard methods. The obtained results show that the texture of the samples is clay-sand loam and sandy loam. PH of the samples is slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline, the average contents of carbonate and organic matter are 19.8 % and 1.2 %, respectively, and the average cation exchange capacity of the samples is 18.7 meq/100g. While the average concentration of Cu, Zn, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Ni, and Sb are higher than the world soil average composition, the average contents of As, Pb, and Cd are comparable or lower than the standard values.  Human health risk assessment shows that among the studied elements, Cr has the highest carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact routes, for both children and adults. Microplastics are present in all soil samples in the form of fibrous, pellet, fragmental and spherical, and and most particles are bigger than 1000 μm. FT-IR analysis indicates that micrometers are polymers that are mainly composed of polyethylene, pointing to the agricultural source of microplastics particles. The results of this study show that agricultural activity is the most important source of soil pollution in the suburbs of Gorgan city and can induce health risks to the residents of the study area. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metals
  • Microplastic
  • Soil pollution
  • Gorgan

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 11 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 31 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 مرداد 1402

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