ارزیابی فرسودگی ملاط آهکی در برابر چرخه های تر-خشک شدن و گرم-سرد شدن: مطالعه موردی راه باستانی گاشمار شهرستان نورآباد، استان لرستان

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم‌پایه، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

2 استادیار گروه تاریخ و باستان‌شناسی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

چکیده

عوامل هوازدگی در طبیعت متنوع هستند که می­توانند منجر به فرسودگی یک بنای باستانی و حتی تخریب و از بین رفتن آن شوند. در پژوهش حاضر، فرسودگی ملاط آهکی استفاده شده در راه باستانی گاشمار واقع در شهرستان نورآباد (استان لرستان) در برابر عوامل هوازدگی ناشی از چرخه­های تر- خشک شدن و گرم- سرد شدن ارزیابی شده است. برای رسیدن به این هدف، آزمایش­های تر- خشک شدن و گرم-سرد شدن تا 50 چرخه روی نمونه­های ملاط اعمال شد. بعد از هر 10 چرخه، خصوصیات ظاهری (رنگ و شکل)، فیزیکی (وزن خشک و تخلخل) و مکانیکی (شاخص بار نقطه­ای و سرعت موج P) تعیین شدند. نتایج دلالت بر این دارد که ملاط در اثر چرخه­های تر- خشک شدن و گرم- سرد شدن متحمل تغییرات ظاهری بسیار جزئی شده­ است. در مقابل، تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها نشان داد که با افزایش چرخه­ها، مقادیر خصوصیات فیزیکی و مکانیکی نمونه­ها تغییرات ملموس­تری داشته­اند. بر اساس مطالعه مقاطع نازک میکروسکوپی، تغییر خصوصیات فیزیکی و مکانیکی ملاط ارتباط نزدیکی با توسعه و گسترش ریزترک­ها بعد از چرخه­های آزمایش داشته است. مقایسه نتایج حاکی از آن است که عوامل هوازدگی ناشی از چرخه­های تر- خشک شدن و گرم- سرد شدن، تأثیر تقریبأ یکسانی بر شدت فرسودگی نمونه ملاط داشته­اند. سرعت موج P در مقایسه با سایر خصوصیات ظاهری، فیزیکی و مکانیکی، پارامتری مناسب­تر و دقیق­تر برای ارزیابی فرسودگی ملاط است، در حالی که خصوصیات ظاهری نمی­تواند پارامتری مناسب در این زمینه باشند. بر اساس نتایج، پیشنهاد می­شود که راهکار حفاظتی برای جلوگیری از فرسودگی ملاط استفاده شده به عنوان مصالح بنایی در پل باستانی گاشمار واقع در شهرستان نورآباد بر اساس هر دو عامل هوازدگی تر- خشک شدن و گرم- سرد شدن انتخاب و طراحی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Deterioration assessment of the lime mortar against wet-dry and heat-cool cycles: a case study from the Gashmar ancient road, Nourabad city, Lorestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Jamshidi 1
  • M. Sabzi 2
1 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Geology, Faculty of sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
2 Assist. Prof., Dept. of History and Archaeology, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
چکیده [English]

The weathering agents in the nature are diverse, which can lead to the deterioration of an ancient monument and even its decay and destruction. In the present study, the deterioration of the lime mortar used in the ancient Gashmar road located in Nourabad city (Lorestan province) has been evaluated against weathering factors caused by wet-dry and heat-cool cycles. To achieve this goal, wet-dry and heat-cool tests up to 50 cycles were applied on mortar samples. After every 10 cycles, the appearance (color and shape), physical (dry weight and porosity) and mechanical (point load index and P wave velocity) characteristics were determined. The results indicate that the mortar has undergone minor changes in its appearance as a result of wet-dry and heat-cool cycles. On the contrary, the data analysis showed that with the increase of cycles, the values of the physical and mechanical properties of the samples have changed more significantly. Based on the study of microscopic thin sections, the change in the physical and mechanical properties of the mortar has been closely related to the development and propagation of microcracks after the test cycles. The comparison of the results reveales that the weathering agents caused by wet-dry and heat-cool cycles had almost the same effect on the deterioration intensity of the mortar sample. P-wave velocity is a more suitable and accurate parameter to evaluate mortar deterioration compared to other physical, physical and mechanical properties, while the appearance properties cannot be a suitable parameter in this context. According to the results, it is suggested that the protective solution to prevent from the mortar deterioration used as masonry materials in the ancient Gashmar road located in Nourabad city should be selected and designed based on both wet-dry and heat-cool weathering agents.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lime mortar deterioration
  • Gashmar ancient road
  • Wet-dry
  • Heat-cool
  • Nourabad city
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