The relationship between petrographical, physical, and mechanical properties in Ilam formation limestone

Authors

1 Ph. D. student, Dept., of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 Prof., Dept., of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3 Prof., Dept., of Geology, Faculty of Science, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

Abstract

The frequency of limestone has caused to be encountered in different projects of engineering. The Ilam Formation is one of the formations that is widely spread in the Zagros Mountains, and in the sample cutting, it contains 195 meters of cream-colored limestone. Due to the extent of this formation, many projects have been performed on this formation, and they also encounter this formation in oil drilling. Its lower and upper Boundaries are continuous with Surgah Formation and Gurpi Formations, respectively. The aim of this study is to investigate and introduce the engineering geological features of Ilam formation limestones in the type section. The Ilam Formation is a challenge in various projects like other formations with carbonate units. Especially, when the mentioned units are different in terms of lithology, physical, and mechanical. In order to identify the characteristics and engineering behavior of these rocks, 60 blocks were selected from different limestone horizons of the Ilam Formation and were transferred to the laboratory. Then, the physical and mechanical properties and lithology characteristics of limestones are determined. The samples have been used to test the physical properties, durability, point load index, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, and wave velocity. The results of the multivariate regression showed that the differences between petrological and physical properties have led to a variation in their mechanical properties. Statistical indices such as R2, , RMSE have been evaluated by Minitab 16 software, and the relationship between physical and mechanical properties was determined. Based on the results, there is a higher reliability coefficient for estimating mechanical properties than other properties in the dry condition compared to the saturated condition. The results of this research showed that lithological and physical characteristics play an important role in the mechanical properties of Ilam limestones.

Keywords

References

Anon, O (1979) Classification of rocks and soils for engineering geological mapping. Part 1: rock and soil materials. Bull Int Assoc Eng Geol. 19(1): 364-437.
ASTM D4644–87 (1998) Standard test method for slake durability of shales and similar weak rocks. West Conshohocken ASTM Int. https://doi.org/10.1520/D4644-87R98.
ASTM, D (2005) 2845-05, Standard Method for Laboratory Determination of Pulse Velocities and Ultrasonic Elastic Constants of Rock. ASTM International Standards Worldwide.
Aufmuth, R. E (1973) A systematic determination of engineering criteria for rock. Bulletin Association Engineering Geology, 11: 235– 245.
Abdi, Y., Ghasemi Dehnavi, A (2019) Prediction of uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of sandstones using artificial neural network and multiple regression analysis. New Findings in Applied Geology, 13(26), 45-54. doi: 10.22084/nfag.2019.17545.1341 (in persian).
Ahmadi khounsaraki, V., Uromeihy, A., Madanipour, S., Amiri, M (2023) Evaluation of geomechanical properties of argillite rocks in the region of south Makran (Chabahar-Nikshahr railway). New Findings in Applied Geology, 17(33): 150-168. (in persian).
Azarafza, M., Ghazifard, A., Akgün, H., Asghari-Kaljahi, E (2019) Geotechnical characteristics and empirical geo-engineering relations of the South Pars Zone marls, Iran, Geomechanics and Engineering, An International Journal, Techno press, 19(5): 393-405.
Ajalloeian, R., Mohammadi, M (2011) Evaluation of geomechanical characteristics of Asmari limestone in Khersan dam sites. Journal of Engineering Geology, 5(1): 1059-1076 (in persian).
Bruno, G., Vessia, G., & Bobbo, L (2013) Statistical method for assessing the uniaxial compressive strength of carbonate rock by Schmidt hammer tests performed on core samples. Rock mechanics and rock engineering, 46(1): 199-206.
Bakhshandeh, L., Mohtat, T., Bakhshandeh, H., & Senmari, S (2014) Biozonation and Abundance of Foraminifera in the Type Section of Ilam Formation. Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences, 23(92): 75-84. doi: 10.22071/gsj.2014.43654 (in persian).
Castagna, J. P., Batzle, M. L., and Kan, T. K (1993) Rock physics- the link between rock properties and AVO response in Castagna, J. P., and Backus, M. M., Eds., Offset-dependent reflectivity-Theory and practice of AVO analysis”, Society of Explorat.
Chang, C., Zoback, M. D., & Khaksar, A (2006) Empirical relations between rock strength and physical properties in sedimentary rocks. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 51(3-4): 223-237.
Dhakal, G., Yoneda, T., Kato, M., & Kaneko, K (2002) Slake durability and mineralogical properties of   some pyroclastic and sedimentary rocks. Engineering Geology, 65(1): 31-45.
Dunham, R. J (1962) Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional textures.
Diamantis, K., Gartzos, E., & Migiros, G (2009) Study on uniaxial compressive strength, point load strength index, dynamic and physical properties of serpentinites from Central Greece: test results and empirical relations. Engineering Geology, 108(3-4): 199-207.
Deere, D. U., & Miller, R. P (1966) Engineering classification and index properties for intact rock. Illinois Univ At Urbana Dept of Civil Engineering.
Franklin, J. A. Chandra, A (1972) The Slake durability test. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 9: 325-341.
Ghobadi, M. H., Amiri, M., & Rasoli Farah, M (2021) The study of geotechnical properties of Qom formation sandstones and their using as borrow material (case study: Latgah village, northern Hamedan). New Findings in Applied Geology, 15(29): 55-70. doi: 10.22084/nfag.2020.21215.1408 (in persian).
Ghobadi, M. H., Ghorbani, A., Mohseni, H., Uromeihy, A (2015) study of engineering geological properties of the Ilam - Sarvak formations in Khorramabad city. Journal of Engineering Geology, 8(4): 2463-2486 (in persian).
Ghobadi, M. H., Amiri, M., & Aliani, F (2020) The study of relationship weathering, mineralogical and texture of peridotite rocks with engineering geological properties (Case study: peridotite Harsin city, Kermanshah province). New Findings in Applied Geology, 14(27): 43-54. doi: 10.22084/nfag.2019.19208.1375.
Ghobadi, M. H., Amiri, M., Aliani, F (2020) The study of engineering geological properties of peridotites in Harsin Kermanshah province (A case study). Journal of Engineering Geology,14 (1): 105-132 (in persian). 
Gobadi, M. H., Mohamadian, M., Mohseni, H., & Karami, R (2014) Effects of engineering geological properties of Gachsaran Formation gypsum on karst development (Khuzestan, Ramhormoz). Scientific Quarterly Journal of Iranian Association of Engineering Geology, 6 (3-4): 1-16 (in persian).
Gobadi, M. H., Mohseni, H., & Rasooli Farah, M. R (2009) Study of engineering geological properties of Asmari limestone in the north-east Masjed-Suliman. Scientific Quarterly Journal of Iranian Association of Engineering Geology, 2(1-2): 1-18 (in persian).
Ghafoori, M., Rastegarnia, A., & Lashkaripour, G. R (2018) Estimation of static parameters based on dynamical and physical properties in limestone rocks. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 137: 22-31.
Gamble, J. C (1971) Durability-plasticity classification of shales and other argillaceous rocks. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
ISRM (2007) The blue book: the complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 1974–2006.In: Ulusay R, Hudson JA (eds) Compilation arranged by the ISRM Turkish National Group, Ankara, Turkey. Kazan Offset Press, Ankara.
Jamshidi, A., Nikudel, M. R., Khamehchiyan, M., Zarei Sahamieh, R., & Abdi, Y (2016) A correlation between P-wave velocity and Schmidt hardness with mechanical properties of travertine building stones. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 9(10): 1-12.
Kahraman, S. A. İ. R., Gunaydin, O., & Fener, M (2005) The effect of porosity on the relation between uniaxial compressive strength and point load index. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 42(4): 584-589.
Karrari, S. S., Heidari, M., Hamidi, J. K., & Teshnizi, E. S (2022) Estimation of drilling rate index values of granitic rocks with their mineralogical properties using different estimation models. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15(9): 1-17.
Katz, O., Reches, Z., & Roegiers, J. C (2000) Evaluation of mechanical rock properties using a Schmidt Hammer. International Journal of rock mechanics and mining sciences, 37(4): 723-728.
Kianpour, M., Sayari, M., Uromeihy, A., & Nikudel, M (2013) A Fuzzy Model to Prediction of Shear Strength Parameters of Shemshak Formation Shales. Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences, 23(89): 11-20. doi: 10.22071/gsj.2013.44014 (in persian).
Karakul, H., & Ulusay, R (2013) Empirical correlations for predicting strength properties of rocks from P-wave velocity under different degrees of saturation. Rock mechanics and rock engineering, 46: 981-999.
Lashkaripour, G. R., Rastegarnia, A., & Ghafoori, M (2018) Assessment of brittleness and empirical correlations between physical and mechanical parameters of the Asmari limestone in Khersan 2 dam site, in southwest of Iran. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 138: 124-132.
Moradi, S., Amiri, M., Rahimi Shahid, M., & Karrari, S. S (2022) The presentation of simple and multiple regression relationships to the evaluation of uniaxial compressive strength sedimentary and pyroclastic rocks with usage experimental of the Schmidt hammer. New Findings in Applied Geology, 16(32): 92-108. (in persian).
Mohammadian, M (2021) Investigation of the relationship between lithological, physical and mechanical properties with karst development in gypsum of Gachsaran Formation and limestone of Asmari Formation in Jarahi-Zohreh catchment, east of Khuzestan province. PhD thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (in persian).
Pickett, G. R (1963) Acoustic character logs and their applications in formation evaluation. Journal of Petroleum technology, 15(06): 659-667.
Rahimi Shahid, M., Amiri, M., lashkaripour, G., Moradi, S (2022) The estimation of Hamedan limestone brittleness index using point load index and porosity test. Geopersia, 12(2): 331-352.
Read., J. R. L., Thornten, P. N., & Regan, W. N (1980) A rational approach to the point load test, Proc. Third Australia-New Zealand Conferance on Geomechanics.
Shalabi, F. I., Cording, E. J., & Al-Hattamleh, O. H (2007) Estimation of rock engineering properties using hardness tests. Engineering Geology, 90(3-4): 138-147.
Torabi-Kaveh, M., Naseri, F., Saneie, S., & Sarshari, B (2015) Application of artificial neural networks and multivariate statistics to predict UCS and E using physical properties of Asmari limestones. Arabian journal of Geosciences, 8(5): 2889-2897.
Tsiambaos, G., & Sabatakakis, N (2004) Considerations on strength of intact sedimentary rocks. Engineering Geology, 72(3-4): 261-273.
Uyanık, O., Sabbağ, N., Uyanık, N. A., & Öncü, Z (2019) Prediction of mechanical and physical properties of some sedimentary rocks from ultrasonic velocities. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78(8): 6003-6016.
New Findings in Applied Geology
Volume 17, Issue 34 - Serial Number 34
December 2023
Pages 223-241

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 24 January 2023
  • Revise Date: 20 May 2023
  • Accept Date: 21 May 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics